Analysis Of George Orwell s The Farm - 2473 Words

During the middle of Section 3, Candy is told about a vision about buying a farm by Lennie. The farm has an important meaning because it is what keeps them going and hoping that one day their dream of buying a farm will be made a reality. It is their source of hope. It supplies mostly Lennie with comfort from the physical and mental pain they are put through. They work really hard to make their boss happy but the thought of them living through a time of not having back-breaking work wear them out and having control over themselves puts them at ease. This passage defines their idea of an American dream which is a very important element in the story where they have liberty, can count on themselves and can pursue true happiness. It†¦show more content†¦At the beginning of Of Mice and Men, George is an idealist. He does not feel discouraged by loneliness, because even though his lifestyle is harsh , he still has Lennie. He always tries to find a meaning to life. Aside from the h arsh facade that he puts on , he believes that someday they will have brighter future and get their dream farm along with Lennie. When George shoots Lennie, he does it for the better because he saves Lennie from the cruel death that he would have been subjected to by Curley’s mob. Not only does he kill Lennie, but he kills the American dream they had that was originally supposed to become a reality with Lennie by his side. Double Entry Journal At the end of Section 1, George discusses and explains their friendship from his point of view while camping out in a clearing before reaching the ranch. He compares his lifestyle to others and tries to get George to see that they are lucky to have a special friendship especially when people like them get overwhelmed by loneliness. George and Lennie’s relationship is based on being there for each other and keeping each other company and that is the heart of the story. Of Mice and Men demonstrates that when you have someone to come to come for guidance and protection, it is easier to overcome their type of lifestyle where human nature is not at its best. George , Lennie , Candy , Curley’s wife and Crooks all shared one

UMSL, University of Missouri St. Louis Admissions Data

The Company Profile Of Lenovo Group Ltd - 1550 Words

Company Profile Lenovo Group Ltd is a Chinese multinational computer technology company with headquarters in Beijing, China and North Carolina, USA. It designs, develops, manufactures, and sells computers, including personal, tablet, notebook, and desktop computers, smart phones, workstations, servers, electronic storage devices, IT management software and smart televisions. Products are sold online, through company-owned stores, chain retailers and other distributors. Although Lenovo brand only came into existence in 2004, it has a much longer history. Legends Holdings, as Lenovo was formerly named, was formed in China in 1984 and later incorporated in Hong Kong in 1988. In 1990, Lenovo entered the personal computer market by its own branded computer. It would grow to be the largest PC Company in China after Lenovo Group’s acquisition of the IBM Personal Computing Division in 2005. Its product lines include Think-branded commercial PCs and Idea-branded consumer PCs, as wel l as servers, workstations, and a family of mobile internet devices, including tablets and smartphones. A global Fortune 500 company, Lenovo has major research centers in Yamato, Japan; Beijing, Shanghai and Shenzhen, China; Sao Paulo, Brazil, and Raleigh, North Carolina. Lenovo ensures that it operates with a degree of transparency. Its board of directors, with international representatives from different countries who all have extensive international experience with the company’s products,Show MoreRelatedCase 6 Dell Inc in 2008.Doc1368 Words   |  6 PagesI was impressed with what Michael Dell has done for the company. Dells first company, PC’s Ltd. had a strategy of selling PC computers which mimicked IBM, except for a few minor components, were being sold to price conscientious consumers, about 40 percent below the price of the best selling IBM. By selling the computers below market price, and generate rapid revenue growth for Dell. Michael Dell put tremendous effort into his company, working 18 hour days, and employing more than 40 peopleRead MoreLenovo Financial Paper8022 Words   |  33 PagesFinancial Analysis Lenovo Group Limited CONTENT I. Introduction 3 1. Background 3 2. Nature of business 8 3. Description of product/services 9 4. Current Revenue size and Profit 12 5. Major Market Served 15 6. Ownership 16 7. Other relevant basic information 17 8. Company`s business strategy 21 II. Analysis of Company Performance 21 1. Company Growth 21 2. Financial ratios 23 3. Liquidity 23 4. Leverage 25 5. Profitability – Dupont Analysis 26 6. Fiscal FitnessRead MoreLenovo Financial Paper8014 Words   |  33 PagesFinancial Analysis Lenovo Group Limited CONTENT I. Introduction 3 1. Background 3 2. Nature of business 8 3. Description of product/services 9 4. Current Revenue size and Profit 12 5. Major Market Served 15 6. Ownership 16 7. Other relevant basic information 17 8. Company`s business strategy 21 II. Analysis of Company Performance 21 1. Company Growth 21 2. Financial ratios 23 3. Liquidity 23 4. Leverage 25 5. Profitability – Dupont AnalysisRead MoreIndian Laptop Industry7351 Words   |  30 Pagessale of 5.52 mn units in 2007-08. Desktops accounts for less than 75% of total personal computer market while laptop had 25% share. The ratio of desktop-to-note book sale has declined from 10:1 in 2005-06 to 3:1 in 2007-08. Note book vendors like Lenovo, HP, LG, Acer, HCL, Dell and Toshiba have launched new models with value added features. According to IDC, over the next five years, Indias laptop market is expected to grow at a CAGR of 30%. By 2010, India will have 1.75 million laptops marketRead MoreLenovo and Ibm23938 Words   |  96 PagesExperience of Lenovo and IBM By Sharona Peng Achieving  Successful  Cross†Cultural  and  Management   Integration:  The  Experience  of  Lenovo  and  IBM.            Sharona  Peng         A  thesis  submitted  to  Auckland  University  of   Technology  in  partial  fulfilment  of  the  requirements  for   the  degree  of  Master  of  Business  (MBus)      2008      Faculty  of  Business      Primary  Supervisor:  Peter  Enderwick      1 / 78 Achieving Successful Cross-Cultural and Management Integration: The Experience of Lenovo and IBM By SharonaRead MoreCase 11 Mabindra Mabindra B 10337 Words   |  42 PagesSo that is the logical rationale for going abmad.HI -ANAND G. MAHINDRA, Vice Chairman and Managing Director, Mahindra Mahindra Ltd., in 2010. In 20 II, India-based automotive giant Mahindra Mahindra Ltd. (MM) was featured on the Forbes Global 2000 list,2 a ranking of the biggest and most powerful companies in the world. Besides MM, some of the other Indian companies that figured on the list were Reliance Industries, State Bank of India, Oil Natural Gas Corp., ICICI Bank, NTPC, Bharti AirtelRead MoreAnalysis of Distribution Channel of Reliance Communications11560 Words   |  47 Pages | |2.2) Company profile 20 | | | |2.3) History of the company 26 Read Morestrategic management on samsung5336 Words   |  22 PagesStrategic Management Samsung Company background Name Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. Industries served Consumer electronics, Telecoms Equipment, Semiconductors, Home Appliances Geographic areas served Worldwide Headquarters South Korea Current CEO Kwon Oh Hyun Revenue â‚ © 201.103 trillion (2012) Profit â‚ © 23.845 trillion (2012) Employees 221,726 (2012) Parent Samsung Group Main Competitors Apple Inc., Nokia OYJ, Intel Corporation, LG DisplayRead MoreMerger and Acquisition: Current Issues115629 Words   |  463 PagesDesigns and Patents Act 1988. First published 2007 by PALGRAVE MACMILLAN Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire RG21 6XS and 175 Fifth Avenue, New York, N.Y. 10010 Companies and representatives throughout the world PALGRAVE MACMILLAN is the global academic imprint of the Palgrave Macmillan division of St. Martin’s Press, LLC and of Palgrave Macmillan Ltd. Macmillan ® is a registered trademark in the United States, United Kingdom and other countries. Palgrave is a registered trademark in the European Union andRead MoreStrategic Management9967 Words   |  40 PagesOpportunities 3 3.2 Threats 5 Step 4: Construct a Competitive Profile Matrix (CPM) 7 Step 5: Construct an External Factor Evaluation (EFE) Matrix 8 Step 6: Identify the Organization’s Internal Strengths and Weaknesses 9 Step 7: Construct an Internal Factor Evaluation (IFE) Matrix 10 Step 8: Prepare a Strengths-Weakness-Opportunities-Threats (SWOT) Matrix, Strategic Position and Action Evaluation (SPACE) Matrix, Boston Consulting Group (BCG) Matrix, Internal External (IE) Matrix, Grand Strategy

Hurricane Devastation Of The United States - 1034 Words

Hurricane Katrina struck the United States on August 29, 2005; it was the costliest and deadliest hurricane to ever hit the nation. It was one of the strongest to hit the coast in the last 100 years. Katrina caused as widespread of devastation along the Gulf Coast states and cities such as Mobile, AL, Gulfport, MS and the worst being New Orleans, LA. Although many people were prepared for the hurricane, no one would imagine the damage it would cause and the many lives it would take. Katrina started off as a tropical depression over the Bahamas on August 23rd and by the 25th it had made its way to southern Florida as a Category one. While passing through Florida, Katrina had weakened, however that all changed as soon as it was over water again. It re-intensified as it stalled beneath a very large upper-level anticyclone that dominated the entire Gulf of Mexico and became a Category five with winds blowing about 175 mph. Once again the storm weakened, this time to a Category three as i t made landfall on the Louisiana-Mississippi boarder but it still brought winds that ranged from 100-140 mph and stretched about 400 miles across. Prior to Hurricane Katrina, New Orleans had been flooded by hurricanes five times: 1915, 1940, 1947, 1965, and 1969. About half of the city of New Orleans lies above sea level, however, its average elevation is about six feet below sea level and is surrounded by water (History, 2009). The Army Corps of Engineers had constructed a system of leveesShow MoreRelatedThe Hurricane Devastation Of The United States933 Words   |  4 PagesThe massive hurricane that decimated large areas of the southeastern coast originated as a small category 1 hurricane. The state and federal government received lots of criticism for their minimal preparation and their ineffectual evacuation procedures. The storm shed light on the role of the government in natural disasters and its need for serious evaluation. During the first few hours of the storm, the Louisiana National Guard did not feel concerned about the approaching rainfall. Once membersRead MoreHurricanes : A Tropical Storm1373 Words   |  6 PagesHurricanes A hurricane is a low pressure system that is classified as a tropical storm with winds exceeding 74 mph. Hurricanes are found in the Atlantic Ocean; however, they are also found in other places but are classified under different names. In the northern Indian Ocean and in the Bay of Bengal these tropical storms are referred to as cyclones; yet, in the western Pacific Ocean these tropical storms are classified as typhoons. However, the hurricanes that impact the United States coast theRead MoreEmergency Planning And Response Plan1190 Words   |  5 Pagesof devastating disasters which have been witnessed and catalogued; with concentration on hydrologic incidents, of which the most notorious being the tropical hurricane. Although through the recorded history there have been a multitude of severe impacts and landfalls of tropical hurricanes, in recent times the most memorable is Hurricane Katrina. This storm devastated the greater New Orleans area and the outlining communities surrounding the area, and emphasized the problematic areas of their emergencyRead MoreBook Review: Galveston and the 1900 Storm by Patricia Bellis Bixel1812 Words   |  7 Pagesalthough some modernists would argue it is second to Hurricane Katrina. In the book Galveston and the 1900 Storm, authors Patricia Bixel and Elizabeth Turner endeavor to explain and analyze this event. Besides a basic description, the book focuses on what happened after the Hurricane when a flourishing community lost a sixth of its population and tried to rebuild from the devastation. On September 8th of 1900, an enormous and horrifying hurricane landed on the shore of Galveston. In a few hours, mostRead MoreThe Exxon Valdez Oil Spill1581 Words   |  7 Pagesheld responsible for dealing with environmental hazards resulting from previous resource use and environmental standards that are no longer acceptable today. Through the instances of the Exxon Valdez Oil Spill, the Kuwait Oil Fires, the Hurricane Katrina devastation and the Sydney Tar Ponds, this paper will develop an argument supporting the idea that governments should be given the responsibility to handle environmental hazards that result from the prior use of resources as well as environmental regulationsRead MoreAnalysis Of Wake Me Up When September Ends1088 Words   |  5 Pageshistory. 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As rain started to fall in the city with a higher intensity than normal, people were reassured by Isaac’s beliefs. He was completely wrong. Galveston which is locatedRead MoreWeather Related Disasters Due to Climate Change Essay751 Words   |  4 Pagesdisaster is anything ranging from an earthquake to a tropical storm. Regardless of whether the natural disaster was indirectly caused by mankind, like those caused as a result of global warming, it has a huge impact on society. The impact on society, devastation, and economic damage paint a picture on how these natural disasters changed the lives of many. For example, in 2010, with one of the worst quake recorded in its country’s history, Haiti experienced a catastrophic earthquake. With a magnitude ofRead MoreHurricane Katrina: Analysis And Summary Of Articles1. .1567 Words   |  7 PagesHurricane Katrina: Analysis and Summary of Articles 1 Hurricane Katrina: Analysis and Summary of Articles Micheal Boor GO125DL Natural Disasters Park University Ms. Jill Lockard 09 April 2017 Hurricane Katrina: Analysis and Summary of Articles 2 Abstract The intent of this paper will be to analyze and summarize scholarly case studies and news articles concerning the flooding caused when Hurricane Katrina made landfall in Louisiana in 2005. Additionally, this paper will provideRead MoreEmergency Management Act Of 1934 Essay977 Words   |  4 PagesManagement Agency (FEMA). The FEMA Director would report to the President of the United States of America. In 1992, Hurricane Andrew struck the state of Florida, and FEMA was evidently not prepared to handle such an event. It was clear that FEMA’s partners at the State level were also not prepared to handle such an event. Across the United States, news stations were showing and documenting the failures of the State and FEMA. The domestic emergency response agency FEMA had failed and their capabilities

Nursing and media Free Essays

There has been a big interest in the study of popular images of nurses and nursing. Writers have been focused on images of nurses on television, in cinema, in news coverage, and elsewhere. Most of the time, public beliefs of the nursing are shaped by the Images people see on TV. We will write a custom essay sample on Nursing and media or any similar topic only for you Order Now The Stereotypical view of nurses as working only In acute-care, high technology area often portrayed In the media makes It very difficult to provide the different view of nurses working within the community. In reality, stereotypical views of nursing have a negative impact even on nurses who practice in acute care hospitals. Not too many understand that the nurse is there to save patients lives . Most of public see nurses as sweet, kind, attentive and willing to talk, but not especially critical to the effort to rescue them from medical errors and injuries. (Derbyshire Gordon, n. D. ) We can see fictional portrayals of nurses, for instance â€Å"Scrubs† sitcom. The show character nurse Carla. She is often portrayed as strong and competent. She is the only major character on this show I would describe as normal. In one of the episodes a surgeon comments â€Å"Idiot can be a nurse†, and of course, the show instantly has Carla express her disagreement, but It does not disapprove what a surgeon has said. The other show, Grey s Anatomy portrays nurses In offensive way most of the time. I don’t see much respect doctor†enter to the nurses, they don’t call them by their names, they yell â€Å"Nurse! † At the end, the hospital finally gave nurses the upper hand. â€Å"Nursing has become more complex in ways that could not have been imaging a generation ago. How to cite Nursing and media, Papers

Organizational Behavior Determines Actionsâ€Myassignmenthelp.Com

Questions: How the Leadership Process creates impact on the employees during change management? What are the necessary resources for implementing change? Answers: Introduction Organisational behaviour determines the actions, shared values, and interactive methods of the associated people within an organisation. According to Frederick (2014), organisational behaviour is sometimes conceptualized as the scientific approach that is applied to manage the associated workers. The human resource management and the organisational leaders are managing the entire organisational behaviour. It is their primary responsibility to manage the team work and motivate the workforce to bring out the best performance outcome. Moreover, it is also necessary to manage the organisational functionalities to make profitability in this competitive business scenario (Chumg et al. 2016). It is notable that the organisations are undertaking many of the innovative techniques to ensure the sustainable growth for the future. Many of the organisations try to expand the business or undertake innovative functionalities to remain competitive. The leaders need to make the necessary modification s and changes within the organisation to make it competent and sustainable. During the change management system, it is much necessary to manage the entire workforce with proper competency skills. The research is based on the reflective case study analysis of an organisational change management process. The study will discuss the leadership roles to manage the workforce during such changing scenario. The study will also shed lights on the necessary resources for facilitating change within the organisation. Based on such discussion, the preferable recommendation will also be provided in this study. Case Study Description I am currently working as the Human Resource Manager in ABC Limited. The company offers the high quality and designer clothes to the people in Australia. In last few years, we have achieved remarkable appreciations and established the strengthened customer base in Melbourne, Sydney, Perth, and Victoria. The market share is also much commendable in last few years. The upper management of the company has thus decided to expand the business in another country and establish the strengthened position in a competitive market. Being a human resource manager, I have observed that Singapore is the ideal market for the business expansion and selling the fashion garments. It will beneficial to generate more revenues from the Singapore market. However, expanding business in a new country is not an easier process. The company needs to change the organisational functionalities. Moreover, it is essential to pay attention towards the cultural aspects of the country that is completely different to th e Australian culture. While expanding the business entity in a new country, it is essential for us to understand the basic needs and preferences of the customers. Accordingly, the fashion clothes are to be designed and the pricing strategy will be structured. Due to the cultural differences, sometimes, it is even difficult to understand the required resources for the changed business scenario. Therefore, the company has decided to establish the partnership business with one local company in Singapore. I believe that it will be beneficial to understand the customer segmentation in the country. Moreover, the local company is aware of the legal and regulating aspects in Singapore. In addition to this, establishment of the partnership business with the local company will provide the knowledge about the local market and necessary organisational activities. However, it is therefore necessary to engage the workforce in a changed organisational scenario. It has been observed that the employees feel insecure about their job retention when the organizational functionalities are changed. Especially, expanding the business in a country with diverse culture is also much challenging for the existing employees. In such cases, the company has decided to bring the changes in the leadership style and investing more resources to motivate the workforce and make them adaptive to change. The further analysis of the case study will provide the insightful knowledge about the leadership process and the required resources for managing the workforces in a change management scenario. The upper management of my company is quite worried about the proper management of the organizational functionalities. We have conducted the sufficient market research to gain the ideas about the Singapore environment and the organisational structures. We have been observed that the workforce in Singapore reply on the management. The management structure is following the autocratic style to manage the entire workforce. However, the employees need to be motivated by using the right leadership style. The establishment of the business set up requires the proper budgeting process. On the other hand, the human resources are also essential for the company to support the business functionalities in a new environment. While establishing the partnership business with a Singapore Company, it is necessary to manage the new and existing workforce in a new cultural setting. We believe in providing the employees proper flexibility and liberty at their workplace. Therefore, it is essential for us t o manage both the new and existing workforce. The power control needs to be flexible for the workforce in order to manage the organisational workforce. We are looking forward to establish the proper leadership style for retaining the existing workforce. On the other hand, it is my responsibility to keep the concentration on the proper resource management as I am the senior executive of human resource department. It is quite important for our company to manage the entire resource and keep the concentration on the capital investment. It is important for us to plan the entire change process with proper resource management. I need to maintain my responsibility of managing the entire changing scenario as well as the workforce in a new country. Therefore, it is essential for me to understand the basic needs and demands of the business in a new country. We need to even undertake some of the technologies to restructure the organisational functionalities. It is essential for the company to invest the sufficient capital resources on the business establishment process. The establishment of the business set up requires the proper budgeting process. On the other hand, the human resources are also essential for the company to support the business functionalities in a new environment. While establishing the partnership business with a Singapore Company, it is necessary to manage the new and existing workforce in a new cultural setting. It is a significant opportunity for us to conduct business in a different cultural setting. Simultaneously, it is much challenging for us to maintain the workforce in a diverse cultural setting. Hence, we need to be cautious about our movement and activities. 1.The employees are the necessary asset for every organisation. The leaders and the human resource management are the main driver to the organisational growth. During a change management scenario, it is often noticed that the employees become insecure about their job retention since they are unaware of the new functionalities (Hashim and Wok 2014). In such time, it is the major responsibility of the leaders to motivate the employees in a significant way. In fact, it is useful to provide the proper information to the employees while facilitating the change management. It is to be indicated that the organisations in Singapore usually adopt the autocratic leadership style for managing the organisational functionalities. On the other hand, in Australia, the autocratic leadership style can create the negative impact on the teamwork (Avolio and Yammarino 2013). The power control needs to be flexible for the workforce in order to manage the organisational workforce. Therefore, it is essenti al for the leader to undertake the proper leadership style that can motivate the workforce to perform the organisational functionalities in a changing scenario. The changes in the leadership process will be beneficial in managing the new and the existing employees. I believe that the establishment of the transformational leadership style would be effective enough in generating the reliability among the associated workers and motivating them in a changed scenario (Lozan, Ceulemans and Seatter 2015). The transformational leaders provide the significant opportunities to ensure the growth in the professional and personal skills of the employees. In a country with the diverse culture, the employees will receive more opportunity to learn innovative techniques. There is the huge opportunity to establish the cultural diversity within the organisation (Kark and Shamir 2013.). Hence, it is essential for the leaders to motivate the employees and provide the sufficient opportunities to develop their career goals. It will be much motivating for the associated workers since they can explore a number of opportunities to develop their skills and promote growth in the international level. 2.Business expansion in a new country is not possible within a day or a month. It requires the proper market research and sufficient resources to facilitate the changes. When the company is facilitating changes while expanding the business entity in a new country, it is essential for the company to invest the sufficient capital resources on the business establishment process (Dong, et al. 2016). The establishment of the business set up requires the proper budgeting process. On the other hand, the human resources are also essential for the company to support the business functionalities in a new environment. While establishing the partnership business with a Singapore Company, it is necessary to manage the new and existing workforce in a new cultural setting (Contrafatto and Burns 2013). Investing the sufficient resources to manage the workforce, providing proper benefits, and managing the necessary activities are the major criteria for the changed scenario. The effective management a nd the supports from the workforce will be beneficial to achieve the pre-determined objectives of business expansion. Hence, it can be inferred that the investments of the proper resources is necessary for a changing scenario of the business. On the other hand, it is necessary to undertake the proper planning procedure for managing these resources within the organisation (Hornstein 2015). The association of the efficient leadership capabilities and the core competency skills would be beneficial for ensuring the sustainability business positioning in a new country. Recommendation The case study analysis report provides the ideas about the necessary implications that are needed to be undertaken for the future sustainability. However, in order to maintain the continuous improvement, it is essential to pay focus on some of the preferable recommendation that will be beneficial in motivating the workforce in a new organizational setting. It is essential to provide the proper training and development process to the employees. It works as the effective motivational process. The training is necessary for adopting and using the new technologies undertaken for new organisational scenario. The company needs to invest more capital resources for providing the proper wages and the benefits for the further development. It is essential to adopt the cultural trait. The complete market research is essential before establishing the business in a new cultural setting. Maintaining these aspects would lead the organisation towards enormous success even in a different cultural setting. It is essential to manage the organisational behaviour in a significant manner. The continuous development and review process will be effective enough to ensure the sustainable growth. Conclusion I am a human resource manager in ABC Limited that provides fashion retail garments to the people in Australia. After achieving enormous success in Australia, the company has decided to expand the business in Singapore market. It is essential to understand the needs and demands of the people in Singapore. Therefore, the partnership business with the local company would be much beneficial. However, the company needs to change the organisational functionalities. The transformational leadership style would be much preferable in managing the workforce. The transformational leaders provide the significant opportunities to ensure the growth in the professional and personal skills of the employees. In a country with the diverse culture, the employees will receive more opportunity to learn innovative techniques. On the other hand, the investment of the adequate capital and human resource is also essential. It is necessary to manage the new and existing workforce in a new cultural setting. Inv esting the sufficient resources to manage the workforce, providing proper benefits and managing the necessary activities are the major criteria for the changed scenario. References Avolio, B.J. and Yammarino, F.J. eds., 2013. Introduction to, and overview of, transformational and charismatic leadership. InTransformational and Charismatic Leadership: The Road Ahead 10th Anniversary Edition(pp. xxvii-xxxiii). Emerald Group Publishing Limited. Avolio, B.J., Keng-Highberger, F.T., Schaubroeck, J., Trevino, L.K. and Kozlowski, S.W., 2016, January. How Follower Attributes Affect Ratings of Ethical and Transformational Leadership. InAcademy of Management Proceedings(Vol. 2016, No. 1, p. 16854). Academy of Management. Breevaart, K., Bakker, A., Hetland, J., Demerouti, E., Olsen, O.K. and Espevik, R., 2014. Daily transactional and transformational leadership and daily employee engagement.Journal of occupational and organizational psychology,87(1), pp.138-157. Chumg, H.F., Seaton, J., Cooke, L. and Ding, W.Y., 2016. Factors affecting employees' knowledge-sharing behaviour in the virtual organisation from the perspectives of well-being and organisational behaviour.Computers in Human Behavior,64, pp.432-448. Contrafatto, M. and Burns, J., 2013. Social and environmental accounting, organisational change and management accounting: A processual view.Management Accounting Research,24(4), pp.349-365. Dong, Y., Bartol, K.M., Zhang, Z.X. and Li, C., 2016. Enhancing employee creativity via individual skill development and team knowledge sharing: Influences of dual?focused transformational leadership.Journal of Organizational Behavior. Frederick, P.R.H., 2014. Organisational Behaviour and its Role in Management of Business.Global Journal of Finance and Management,6(6), pp.563-568. Hashim, J. and Wok, S., 2014. Predictors to employees with disabilities organisational behaviour and involvement in employment.Equality, Diversity and Inclusion: An International Journal,33(2), pp.193-209. Hornstein, H.A., 2015. The integration of project management and organizational change management is now a necessity.International Journal of Project Management,33(2), pp.291-298. Kark, R. and Shamir, B., 2013. The dual effect of transformational leadership: Priming relational and collective selves and further effects on followers. InTransformational and Charismatic Leadership: The Road Ahead 10th Anniversary Edition(pp. 77-101). Emerald Group Publishing Limited. Lozano, R., Ceulemans, K. and Seatter, C.S., 2015. Teaching organisational change management for sustainability: designing and delivering a course at the University of Leeds to better prepare future sustainability change agents.Journal of Cleaner Production,106, pp.205-215. Van Knippenberg, D. and Sitkin, S.B., 2013. A critical assessment of charismaticTransformational leadership research: Back to the drawing board?.The Academy of Management Annals,7(1), pp.1-60

Cell Biology and Biotechniques

Question: Discuss about theCell Biology and Biotechniques. Answer: Literature Review on Application of Flow Cytometry and Transfection Technique on Functional Analysis of Crohns Disease Risk Gene LACC1 The review of the literature by Assadi et al. (2016) highlights how biophysical technology has been efficiently utilized in addressing research questions and finding effective results in clinical investigation. This research study mainly utilized the method of flow cytometry and transfection technique apart from real time PCR and immunoflourescence microscopy to detect fatty acid metabolism-immune nexus (FAMIN) in Chrohns disease risk gene LACC1 (Laccase domain containing 1) encoded protein in human tissues. This method of fatty acid metabolism was decided because genetic variation in the LACC1 gene increased the risk of Chrohns disease. The main of this research was to elucidate the biological function of LACC1 gene and determine the characterization of the gene expression in human tissue and cells. The research question for the study was how characteristics expression of LACC1 gene can increase risk of Crohns disease (Assadi et al. 2016). The FAMIN protein encoded by the LACC1 gene control all the defense mechanism of human body and the research was important to gain additional insights into how FAMIN characterization and LACC1 gene expression may create risk of Crohns disease. The transfection technique was used by maintaining human cell line THP-1 in suitable medium and the cells were incubated wit phorbol-12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) to induce macrophage differentiation. For transfection experiment the HeLa cell line was transfected with empty vectors and LACC1 vector constructs. Western blotting was done on this cell and expression level was calculated. As transfection technique lead to unexpected morphologies and abnormalities in target cells, it helped in studying the expression of gene. On the other hand, immunofluoroscence staining was used to calculate the number of peroxisomes and several antibodies were used both for immunofluorescence staining and western blot (Assadi et al. 2016).Hence, transfection tech nique was applied in this research to study macrophage differentiation and gene expression of LACC1 gene. A research which considers the efficiency and cytotoxic effect of tranfection methodology lead to better results, whereas highly cytotoxic approaches lead to unwanted effects and unknown changes in gene expression which may affect the results (Goehring et al. 2014). Flow cytometry is the biophysical technology done by means of laser and used to analyze the characteristics of particle in a fluid stream by passing through electronic detection device. . Flow cytometry technique is widely used in the cell tracking, cell viability and infection studies and to conduct functional analysis in cell signaling gene expression studies (Givan 2013). In the research study by Assadi et al. (2016), flow cytometry of human blood derived cell and granulocytes and erythrocytes were isolated from the cell and stained using monoclonal antibodies. The FAMIN cells labeled with antibodies and data analyzed with flow cytometer and flow analysis software. This technique helped in the characterization of FAMIN expression in THP-1 cells. The result indicated the FAMIN expression was not detected in untreated cells, however PMA induced differentiation was seen during THP-1 (positive) cell lines. Hence the result of the study finally showed that LACC1 gene codes for macropha ge immune-metabolic function and polymorphic variation influences risk of Crohns disease (Assadi et al. 2016). Considering the clinical use of flow cytometry in research studies, the main advantage of flow cytometry is its ability to characterize immunophenotyping deviation in cells and detect diagnosis of hematopoietic disorders like leukemia. It has led to new methods for assessing hematologic malignancy and MRD. It is cost-effective and quick method for disease detection and diagnosis. However the limitation of the method is that it cannot easily detect sarcoma and carcinomas as they tend to stick (Woo et al. 2014). The main principle of fluorescence and fluorescence microscopic techniques was used to analyze therapeutic effectiveness in Crohns disease. In patients with Crohns disease, the antibody to tumor necrosis factor (TNF) binds to the membrane bound TNF and suppresses immune response in person. Hence, the researcher used fluorescent antibodies for TNF imaging studies. Despite using TNF therapy, patient show little improvement in their clinical symptoms and it also increases the risk of side-effects like allergic reaction and skin disorders. The main limitation in treatment was that clinician cannot predict the response to anti-TNF therapy in patients. With this problem in treatment of patients with Crohns disease, the research question for the study was to see how fluorescence antibodies to TNF can help in studying response to anti-TNF therapy (Atreya et al. 2014). Therefore, the use of different techniques like transfection, fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry helped in studying variation in expression of Crohns disease risk gene and increased understanding of Crohns disease risk gene. Higher LACC1 expression was seen in spleen and lymph nodes in this research study. Hence application of this technique helped in gaining better understanding of LACC1 function in regulating immune-mediated function and diseases. These tools can be exploited in the future for several diagnostic studies. Reference Assadi, G., Vesterlund, L., Bonfiglio, F., Mazzurana, L., Cordeddu, L., Schepis, D., Mjsberg, J., Ruhrmann, S., Fabbri, A., Vukojevic, V. and Percipalle, P., 2016. Functional Analyses of the Crohns Disease Risk Gene LACC1.PloS one,11(12), p.e0168276. Atreya, R., Neumann, H., Neufert, C., Waldner, M.J., Billmeier, U., Zopf, Y., Willma, M., App, C., Mnster, T., Kessler, H. and Maas, S., 2014. In vivo imaging using fluorescent antibodies to tumor necrosis factor predicts therapeutic response in Crohn's disease.Nature medicine,20(3), pp.313-318. Givan, A.L., 2013.Flow cytometry: first principles. John Wiley Sons. Goehring, A., Lee, C.H., Wang, K.H., Michel, J.C., Claxton, D.P., Baconguis, I., Althoff, T., Fischer, S., Garcia, K.C. and Gouaux, E., 2014. Screening and large-scale expression of membrane proteins in mammalian cells for structural studies.Nature protocols,9(11), pp.2574-2585. Woo, J., Baumann, A. and Arguello, V., 2014. Recent advancements of flow cytometry: new applications in hematology and oncology.Expert review of molecular diagnostics,14(1), pp.67-81.